Driving in Europe: What You Need to Know Before You Get Behind the Wheel

Traveling solo through Europe can be a liberating experience. While trains and buses are great, sometimes renting a car is the best way to see remote villages, coastal drives, or scenic countryside. If you're used to driving in North America, though, there are some important differences to be aware of before you hit the road in Europe.

I’ve rented cars in Ireland and Spain, and while I prefer to leave the driving to someone else, there are times when it’s handy to visit rural areas not served by public transport. Here are some things you need to know about driving in Europe.

Renting a Car in Europe

Age Requirements: Most car rental companies in Europe require drivers to be at least 21, and often 25, to rent a car. Some will rent to drivers under 25 for an additional “young driver” fee. Be sure to check the age requirements for your destination country.

License Requirements: If you're a U.S. driver, your valid American license is usually accepted in many European countries, but some (like Italy, Austria, and Spain) also require an International Driving Permit (IDP). This is simply a translation of your license and can be obtained easily through AAA (or CAA in Canada) before your trip, even if you are not a AAA member.  While the rental car company may not ask for it, if you are in an accident or stopped by police, they may require it.

Manual vs. Automatic: In Europe, manual transmission cars are the norm and tend to be less expensive. If you need an automatic, be sure to reserve well in advance—automatics are fewer in number and usually more expensive.

Insurance: Basic insurance is typically included with rentals, but it may come with a high deductible. Check whether your U.S. credit card or travel insurance offers coverage. Some travelers choose to add extra collision or theft protection for peace of mind. I personally prefer to pay for additional insurance when renting in Europe, rather than argue over a small ding in a foreign language.

Fuel: Pay attention to whether your rental car uses diesel or gasoline (petrol)—and always return it with the correct fuel level. Fuel is more expensive than in the U.S., so smaller, more fuel-efficient cars are a smart choice.

Vehicle Size: Streets in Europe can be very narrow, and parking spaces are tiny. Here again, smaller is always a better choice. Large SUVs are difficult to come by in Europe anyway, for this very reason.

Tolls and Vignettes: Many highways in Europe are toll roads. Some countries (like Switzerland or Austria) use a vignette system—a sticker or digital pass you need to drive on highways. Make sure your rental car includes it, or you may face fines.

Key Differences from Driving in North America

1. Driving on the Right
Most European countries drive on the right, just like the U.S.—except for the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, and Cyprus, where you’ll be driving on the left. (Think islands and former English colonies!) If you’re not used to that, it may take some adjustment.

2. Roundabouts
Europe loves a good roundabout. You’ll encounter many of them, especially in rural areas. The rule is: yield to traffic already in the roundabout, and signal when exiting. In countries like Spain, you are expected to move all the way to the center until your exit is next, rather than hugging the right lane all the way around.

3. Road Signs
Many European road signs rely on symbols, not words, and may differ significantly from U.S. signage. Take time to familiarize yourself with common signs (see chart below).

4. Narrow Roads and Aggressive Drivers
Especially in older towns or rural areas, roads can be very narrow, and local drivers may seem impatient. Take your time, pull over if needed, and remember—you’re on vacation!

5. Speed Limits
Speed limits are posted in kilometers per hour (km/h), not miles. Know the conversions:

• 50 km/h = ~30 mph (typical in towns)

• 90–100 km/h = ~55–60 mph (rural roads)

• 120–130 km/h = ~75–80 mph (highways)

Germany’s Autobahn has sections with no speed limit, but other areas do have limits—so pay attention.

Tips for a Smoother Experience

• Download offline maps using Google Maps or another GPS app. Not all areas have cell service. While you can request a GPS when renting the car, it’s not guaranteed that you’ll get one.
  

• Plan your parking—many cities have restricted “ZTL” zones where non-residents can’t drive. I try to find a parking garage in advance, rather than searching for street parking and risking a parking ticket.
  

• Carry your passport and rental agreement in the car, just in case you’re stopped.
  

• Don’t leave valuables in the car, especially in tourist areas.

• Let someone know your plans, especially if driving alone. If you’re taking a day trip, you can tell your hotel concierge. For moving from one location to another, even a quick text to someone back home to let them know your route for the day can give you peace of mind.
  
  

Common European Road Signs

Most road signs in Europe are fairly intuitive, even if they don’t look exactly like those in the U.S. Here’s a handy chart to help you recognize key signs you'll see throughout Europe:

Final Thoughts

Driving in Europe can open up experiences you might miss with public transportation—from alpine passes to castle-dotted byways. While there’s a learning curve, with a little preparation and patience, you can enjoy the freedom of the open road. Take it slow, enjoy the scenery, and remember—you’re not just getting from point A to B; you're adventuring.